TIME & MOTION STUDY AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMEN T

Motion study is a process of analysing a job to find the easiest, most effective and most economical method of doing it or portions there of. It is also known as method study.
It has the follolwing objects:
i) To improve the present method or establish the correct method for the existing job or process.
ii) To improve methods generally.
iii) To establish date from which process layout and standard times can be predetermined synthetically.


Time study may be defined primarily as “The art of observing and recording the time required to do each detailed element of an industrial operation.”
It studies the time spent on each element of a job. A standard time is fixed for each job or operation. Thus the total time which would be taken to do a job or operation by an average qualified operator at a standard rate of working under standard conditions, is called time study.
Purposes :
i) To determine the required time for preforming the operation.
ii) To estimate the labour requirements accurately.
iii) Fixation of wage rate.
iv) Introduction of incentive wage plans.


The advantage of time and motion study are as follows :-
i) These studies help in determining proper speed of work by eleminating unnecessary movements.
ii) The labour requirements are correctly assessed.
iii) Idle time and over time can be avoided.
iv) These studies help in fixation of wage rate and introduction of incentive schemes.
v) The efficiency of workers is increased by following the correct procedures and methods selected by the time and motion study.
vi) Time and motion study reduces human fatigue and increases output.


Each worker is given a daily time sheet in which he records the particulars of time spent on each separate job. At the end of the day, all these sheets are duly countersigned by the foreman.
This method is suitable for small concerns. It is ideal where the workers have to work on different jobs each day e.g. the maintenance workers. The specimen of this sheet is given below :

AFTERSCHOOOL CENTRE FOR SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Daily Time Sheet
Name of the worker ....................................................
Worker’s No. ...................................... Date .............................
Department .........................................
Job or work Work Description Time Total Hours Cost
Over
order Note Done Start Finish Ordinary time Rate Amount